John Walter was woken by a phone call at 2am on June 27, 1915. “My God, Edmonton, look out; the river is up 20 feet and still jumping!” This warning from Rocky Mountain House was the first notice that a massive flood was on the way to Edmonton.

Buildings that are half submersed in water, and debris floating on top of the water.
The Flood of 1915 
[EA-25-35]

Over the next several days the North Saskatchewan River rose steadily, until finally peaking at ten meters above its normal level. This was Edmonton’s worst flood in recorded history. Thankfully, there was no loss of life, however it is estimated that 2000 people were displaced, 50 buildings were destroyed, and over 700 homes submerged.

A Brief Chronology

Sunday, June 27

2am

John Walter receives a phone call at 2am from Rocky Mountain House stating that the river had risen. “My God, Edmonton, look out; the river is up 20 feet and still jumping!”


6am

River begins to rise in Edmonton. John Walter contacts Mayor William T. Henry who has the police and fire department spread a flood warning and prepare for evacuation.


6pm

Water from the North Saskatchewan River has climbed over banks and is creeping into homes built near the river.

Monday, June 28

3:30am

The North Saskatchewan River has climbed 17 feet and is rising approximately 1 foot every hour


11am

The North Saskatchewan River has risen 24 feet and the City puts out a call for help with evacuation and relief.


12pm

The Low Level Bridge is closed to all traffic.


10pm

The City Power Plant is flooded and as a result there is no power for Edmonton.


11:30pm

The City Pumping Plant is closed. As a result there is no drinking water available for Edmontonians.

Tuesday, June 29

12am

Debris from the North Saskatchewan River is higher than the railings of the Low Level Bridge.


3am

The North Saskatchewan River peaks at over 45 feet (10 meters) above the low water mark.


9:30am

Part of the City Power Plant is refired.


10:30pm

All power is restored to Edmonton.

Wednesday, June 30

3am

The river has dropped 20 feet (6 metres)


7am

Water is once again available, though it is very silty.

Tuesday, July 6

Most of the flood victims are expected to be able to return to their homes.

Look Out Edmonton Documentary

This documentary uses contemporary accounts and historic images from the City of Edmonton Archives to tell the story of the 1915 flood that devastated the industries and communities of the river flats, leaving an estimated 2000 Edmontonians homeless.

Photo Gallery

Edmonton River Valley in 1915

In the early 1900s Edmonton's river valley was quite different than it is today. Along with parks and homes, there were a number of large businesses and manufacturing plants operating in the area.

Walterdale

A map of Walterdale in 1915

1. Municipal Golf Links

An open golf course next to a railroad track.
Victoria Golf Course ca. 1910
[EA-24-22]

The Municipal Golf Links was Canada's first municipal course when its seven holes were unveiled in 1907. The land was leased by the City from the Hudson's Bay Company until the City purchased it outright in 1912, at which time the land became a municipal park as well as a golf course.

2. Pollard Brickyard

The High Level Bridge in 1912.
Pollard's Brickyard beside the High Level Bridge, ca.1912
[EA-10-322]
Pollard Brickyard was started by brothers John and Frank Pollard in 1898. The brickyard suspended production in 1913, and finally closed in 1915 after the flood.

Walter's Mill and Yard

An aerial photo of Walter's Mill and Yard from 1913
Walter's Mill and Yard, 1913
[EA-10-1451]

John Walter arrived in the Edmonton area in 1870 and became one of the region's most prominent business leaders. His most successful operation was the lumber mill he established in 1893 on the south side of the river. After years of success, the mill began to suffer with the decline of the housing boom in 1912. During the 1915 flood, Walter's lumber stocks and sawmill were washed away. The business never recovered.

The John Walter's Co. Ltd 
"The Bulletin Greater Edmonton Number" Edmonton Bulletin 1911, page 62-63.

Gallagher Flats and Fraser Flats

A map of Gallagher and Fraser Flats from 1915

1. Mines

The opening of a coal mine, with a man standing at the entrance
Mouth of a Coal Mine, date unknown. 
[EA-10-3056]
Beginning in the 1880s there were a number of small coal mines in the river valley. Most were operated by one or two people, and did not last long, though there were some larger operations as well. By the 1910s almost all of the mines had closed, as companies moved upriver to exploit the Clover Bar seam, near Beverly.

2. Edmonton Lumber Company

An aerial view of the Edmonton River Valley with early City development
Edmonton Lumber Company, 1912 
[EA-506-1, detail]

The Edmonton Lumber Company was located on the south bank of the North Saskatchewan River just east of the Low Level Bridge. Logs were driven along the river from lumber camps and processed at the site. A convenient arrangement that proved disastrous during the flood.

Edmonton Lumber Co. 
"The Bulletin Greater Edmonton Number" Edmonton Bulletin 1911, page 174.

3. P. Anderson and Co. Brickyard

An overhead view of the Low Level Bridge in 1908
Low Level Bridge, 1908. Notice the P. Anderson and Co. Brickyard in the top left corner.
[EA-10-341]

Pete Anderson owned a brickyard on Gallagher Flats between the present-day Muttart Conservatory and the Low Level Bridge. Production began in 1901 and continued until 1914, when he ceased operations and went overseas to serve in the Great War. He resumed production in 1929, but closed the brickyard permanently in 1932.

P. Anderson Brick Co.
"Tenth Anniversary Number" Edmonton Journal 1913, page 132.

4. Fraser and Co.

A lumber yard with an open field and small wooden buildings.
Fraser Lumber, 1920
[EA-24-27]
Daniel Fraser and Richard Hardisty established a lumber mill and grist mill on Fraser Flats in 1881 under the name Hardisty and Fraser. In 1889 the name was changed to Fraser & Co., and the business was incorporated in 1904. The steam power mills had a capacity of 50,000 feet of lumber in a day, and provided seasonal employment for between 60 to 70 men.

D.R. Fraser & Co. Ltd. 
"The Bulletin Greater Edmonton Number" Edmonton Bulletin 1911, page 37.

5. J.B. Little Brick Yard

A group of workers standing before a large stack of bricks.
J. B. Little's Brickyard, ca. 1895 
[EA-47-2]
John B. Little came to Edmonton in 1892 and started a brick making operation on River Lot 20, in present-day Riverdale. The brickyard produced bricks almost continually until 1956.

Ross Flats

A map of Ross Flats in 1915

1. Edmonton Water Works and Electric Light and Power Station

A fire plan featuring the layout of Rossdale Power Plant from 1913

The Rossdale Power Plant and Edmonton Water Works as shown on the 1913 Fire Insurance Plan
[FIP 1913 page 88 detail]

A new electric light plant was built in Rossdale just east of the Walterdale Bridge in 1903, with additions made in 1906 and 1908. The power plant provided power for Edmonton's citizens and industries 24 hours a day. The plant also provided power to the Edmonton Water Works, which pumped water from the river, filtered it, and supplied it to homes and businesses in Edmonton.

2. John Walter's Mill (North Side)

A view of an industrial chimney in Rossdale.
Walter's Mill (North Side), 1912 
[EA-10-1454]

Prominent Edmonton businessperson John Walter owned a very profitable saw mill on the south side of the river. Around 1900 he established a second mill across the river in Ross Flats. Both operations were destroyed during the 1915 flood.

3. Diamond Park

Bleachers filled with people watching a baseball game.
Baseball at Diamond Park, ca. 1920
[EB-23-2]

Diamond Park was built in 1907 on land leased from Donald Ross. It played host to sporting events such as baseball, soccer and rugby games, as well as the Edmonton Exhibition. The bleachers were torn down in 1936.

4. Edmonton Cement Products, Ltd.

Edmonton Cement Products Ltd. was established in 1912, and specialized in producing building blocks. These were easy to use, inexpensive to buy, and provided good insulation at the time. After only a year in operation, the company had a capacity of 800 blocks a day.

Edmonton Cement Products, Limited 
"Tenth Anniversary Number" Edmonton Journal 1913, page 76.

5. Huff Grading Company

A large gravel dredger: a tall pully system in water.
Huff's gravel dredger on the North Saskatchewan River, 1911
[EB-26-462]

James Huff established the Huff Grading Company in 1906. He used a large dredge on the river to scoop up rocks and gravel from the riverbed, which were then crushed and washed at his plant on shore. The business survived the flood and continued operating for several decades.

Huff Grading Co. 
"The Bulletin Greater Edmonton Number" Edmonton Bulletin 1911, page 106-107.

Edmonton Brewing and Malting Co.

Workers packing bottled beer at a brewery.
Edmonton Brewing & Malting Co.,1906
[EA-500-136]
William Sheppard built this brewery in 1905. The Edmonton Brewing and Malting Co. operated here until 1913, when they moved to a larger space, using this building as an ice house until the 1920s, when it was purchased by Sicks Brewing Company and refitted once again as a brewery.

Edmonton Brewing and Malting Co. 
"The Bulletin Greater Edmonton Number" Edmonton Bulletin 1911, page 106-107.

7. Twin City Ice Company

A newspaper advertisement with the heading, "there is no substitute for ice".
Advertisement from the Edmonton Journal, June 30, 1927

The Twin City Ice Company was established in Edmonton in 1912. Prior to widespread refrigeration, ice was cut from the North Saskatchewan River and delivered to homes and businesses to preserve food.

8. City Flour Mills

A fire plan for The City Flour Mills, featuring the interior layout of the building.
The City Flour Mills as shown on the 1913 Fire Insurance Plan 
[FIP 1913 page 93 detail]

The City Flour Mills were built in 1899 by the Dowling Milling Co. In 1906 the business was purchased by R. P. Ottewell, with A. B. Campbell as manager. The company milled wheat into flour, and the elevators had a capacity of 110,000 bushels. The business survived the flood, and was last listed in Henderson's Directory in 1921. In 1922 the property was listed as vacant, and by 1925 the elevators had been demolished.

Campbell & Ottewell  
"The Bulletin Greater Edmonton Number" Edmonton Bulletin 1911, page 178.

9. Arctic Ice Company

A wooden building with "Edmonton Ice Co." written on the roof.
Edmonton Ice Company, n.d.
[EA-439-7]

The Arctic Ice Company was established in Edmonton in 1900. Prior to widespread refrigeration, ice was cut from the North Saskatchewan River and delivered to homes and businesses to preserve food. In 1913 the Arctic Ice Company took over the Edmonton Ice Company warehouse on Ross Flats. The building was sold to the City and demolished in 1978.

Arctic Ice Company, Limited

10. Alberta Motor Boat Co.

Black and white photo of Alberta Motor Boat Co. as seen from across the North Saskatchewan River
Low Level Bridge looking west, 1915 
[EA-10-302]

The Alberta Motor Boat Company was established in 1911 by James Weir and James Buchanan. They manufactured a wide variety of boats that plied Canada's northern waters. After the building was destroyed by fire in 1948, the business relocated to the west end.

Bibliography

This bibliography is designed to situate the records used in The Flood of 1915 virtual exhibit in their larger context. It shows where these disparate records come from by grouping them by creator rather than by subject.

Wherever possible, links to catalogue entries in our online catalogue have been included. We also have some further catalogue information in our reference room.

For an explanation of terms and acronyms, see our Virtual Exhibit Glossary.

MS Fonds (Private Records)
 
Fonds NumberRecord NumberTitle
MS-56 Northern Alberta Pioneers and Descendants Association fonds
 EA-10-255Edmonton South - Panoramic View, 1911
 EA-10-302Low Level Bridge Looking northwest, c. 1911
 EA-10-322High Level Bridge, 1912
 EA-10-341Edmonton - Strathcona Bridge, 1908
 EA-10-877North Saskatchewan River Flood, 1915
 EA-10-884Edmonton Flood, 1915
 EA-10-888Edmonton Flood, June 1915
 EA-10-1451Walter's Mill & Yard, 1913
 EA-10-1454Walter's Mill - North Side, 1912
 EA-10-3056Mouth of a Coal Mine, n.d.
MS-59 Hubert A. Hollingworth fonds
 EA-160-1399North Saskatchewan River in Flood, 1915
Photographs (with no Associated Fonds)
 
Record NumberTitle
EA-24-22<Victoria Golf Course, ca. 1910
EA-24-27Fraser Lumber, 1920
EA-25-1North Saskatchewan River Flood Damage, June 1915
EA-25-2North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-25-3North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-25-16North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-25-18North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-25-19North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-25-20North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-25-22North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-25-23North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-25-26North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-25-27North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-25-30North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-25-35North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-25-36North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-25-41North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-47-2J.B. Little's Brickyard, ca. 1895
EA-297-13North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-297-14North Saskatchewan River Flood, June 1915
EA-439-7Edmonton Ice Company, n.d.
EA-500-136Edmonton Brewing & Malting Co., 1908
EA-506-1Saskatchewan River As It Flows Past Edmonton, Alta., Canada, 1912
EB-23-2Baseball at Diamond Park, ca. 1920
EB-26-462Dredger on the River, 1911
Maps
 
Record NumberTitle
EAM-34<Map of the City of Edmonton, 1924
Fire Insurance Plans
 
Title
1913 Edmonton Fire Insurance Plan by Charles E. Goad Co.
Newspapers
 
Title
"The Bulletin Greater Edmonton Number" Edmonton Bulletin 1911
"Tenth Anniversary Number" Edmonton Journal 1913
"Saskatchewan River Was 24 Feet Above Low Water Mark Last Night" Edmonton Bulletin Morning Edition June 28, 1915, page 1
“Work Relief Went All Day Without Stop” Edmonton Bulletin June 29, 1915, page 1
"Woman And Four Children Rescued By A Policeman” Edmonton Bulletin June 29, 1915, page 1
“Thank You” Edmonton Bulletin June 29, 1915, page 1
“Power Plant In Danger” Edmonton Bulletin June 29, 1915, page 1
“Boil The Water” Edmonton Bulletin July 1, 1915, page 1
“Flood Victims Back In Homes” Edmonton Bulletin July 2, 1915, page 1
Clippings Files
 
Title
D.R. Fraser & Company
Huff Gravel Company
Twin City Ice Company
Arctic Ice Company
Campbell & Ottewell (Flour Mills)
Floods – 1915
Alberta Motor Boat Company
Parks and Recreation – Facilities – Victoria Golf Course
John Walter
Films
 
Record NumberTitle
A2013-59"Look Out Edmonton: The Great Flood of 1915"
Books
  
Title
Bricks in Alberta by Jack M. Manson. Co-op Press Limited, 1983
Candles to Kilowatts: The Story of Edmonton’s Power Company by Heather Marshall and Debbie Culbertson. Duval House Publishing, 2002
Edmonton: Gateway to the North by John Gilpin. Windsor Publications, 1984
Heart of the City: A history of Cloverdale from Gallagher Flats to Village in the Park by Ken Tingley with Paul Bunner. Cloverdale Community League, 2005
Naming Edmonton: Ada to Zoie by Carol Berger. The University of Alberta Press, 2004
Riverdale: From Fraser Flats to Edmonton Oasis by Allan Shute and Margaret Fortier. Tree Frog Press, 1992

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Edmonton, Alberta

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Link  https://cityarchives.edmonton.ca