Perennial Sow Thistle

Perennial sow thistle
Photo Credit: Maureen Vadnais, Alberta Agriculture & Forestry, modified from the original

Common Name: Perennial sow thistle

Scientific Name: Sonchus arvensis

Habitat: disturbed areas, roadsides, ornamental beds

Provincial Designation: Noxious

Noxious weeds are plant species that are designated as "noxious weeds" in the Alberta weed regulation. Noxious weeds must be controlled, meaning their growth or spread needs to be prevented.

Origin

Native to western Asia and Europe, perennial sow thistle was most likely introduced as a seed contaminant. It was first recorded in Pennsylvania in 1814.

Legislated Because

Perennial sow thistle invades disturbed areas, roadsides and farmland. It is an aggressive agricultural weed that reduces crop yields.

Description

Perennial sow thistle has yellow, dandelion-like flowers that are grouped in loose clusters at the ends of stems. Flowers grow up to 5 cm wide. One plant may have up to 20 flower heads, but only a few are in bloom at one time.

The leaves are lance-shaped or lobed, alternately arranged along the stem, and have a waxy appearance. The leaves have a prominent light green middle vein and spiny toothed edges.

Stems are erect, leafy at the base, branched at the tops and grow from 10-120 cm high. Cut stems exude a milky juice.